Symptom:
Intel e1000e network interface card (NIC) not detected after Debian installation.
Solution:
1. Download the driver for the network card from the Intel website.
It should download a file similar to this: e1000e-x.x.x.tar.gz. (Where x.x.x will be the current version number. In this example it is version 3.8.4)
2. Open terminal at the folder where the file was download (Usually this is in the Downloads folder) and extract the contents of the file using the following command:
tar -xvf e1000e-x.x.x.tar.gz
(make sure to change the x.x.x to whatever your downloaded version is):

3. Change to the extracted folder: cd e1000e-x.x.x/src
(make sure to change the x.x.x to whatever your downloaded version is).
Type the following command and press enter: make install

4. When the above command is done, type the following and press enter: /sbin/modprobe e1000e

5. You might have to reboot the computer when the above is done.